12月份适不适合去敦煌旅游，12月份去敦煌怎么样(⭕️2019年12月英语六级-)

12月份适不适合去敦煌旅游，12月份去敦煌怎么样

1、适合。敦煌属于温带大陆性气候，明显的特点是气候干燥，降雨量少，蒸发量大，昼夜温差大，日照时间长。这里四季分明，春季温暖多风，夏季酷暑炎热，秋季凉爽，冬季寒冷。

2、十二月敦煌气温在负十二至两度左右，需要穿棉衣和羽绒服，厚打底裤，景区相对游客少，游玩可以更为细致些。落叶树木树叶落光了，显得更加萧瑟一些，敦煌游玩也主要是人文景色和自然景色对半，主要领略的就是大西北部分无人区的寂静之美，宽阔无垠的沉淀心灵，远离城市喧嚣，所以，十二月游玩敦煌也是个不错选择。

⭕️2019年12月英语六级-

1️⃣Part I Writing (30 minutes)

• Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of having a sense of community respousibility.
  在这一部分，你有30分钟的时间写一篇关于有一种社会责任感的重要性的文章。
• You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.
  你应该写至少150字，但不超过200字。
• 
  
• 
  
• ________________________________________________________________________
  ________________________________________________________________________
• ________________________________________________________________________
  ________________________________________________________________________
• ________________________________________________________________________
  ________________________________________________________________________

Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)

说明：由于2019年12月六级考试全国共考了两套听力。

3️⃣PartIII Reading Comprehension(40minutes)

• Section A
  一个节
• 
  
• Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks.
  在这部分，有一篇有十个空格的文章。
• You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.
  你需要从文章后面的单词库中选出一个单词给每个空格。
• Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.
  在做出选择之前仔细阅读文章。
• Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.
  银行里的每一个选择都由一个字母来标识。
• Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
  请在答题卡2上的每个题目的对应字母的中心划上一条线。
• You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
  在银行里，你不能使用任何一个词超过一次。
• 
  
• The number of devices you can talk to is multiplying -- first it was your phone, then your cat, and now you can tell your kitchen appliances what to do.
  你可以与之通话的设备数量正在成倍增加——先是你的手机，然后是你的猫，现在你可以告诉你的厨房电器该做什么。
• But even without gadgets that understand our spoken commands, research suggests that, as bizarre is it sounds, under certain __26__ people regularly ascribe human traits to everyday objects.
  但研究表明，即使没有理解我们口头命令的小工具，尽管听起来很奇怪，在某些人经常把人类的特征归因于日常物品。
• 
  
• Sometimes we see things as human because we are __27__ In one experiment, people who reported feeling isolated were more likely than others to attribute __28__ to various gadgets.
  在一个实验中，报告感觉孤立的人比其他人更有可能将__28__归因于各种小玩意。
• In turn, feeling close to objects can __29__ loneliness.
  反过来，感觉离物体很近会使人感到孤独。
• When college students were reminded of a time they had been __30__ in a social setting, they compensated by exaggerating their number of friends- unless they were first given tasks that caused them to interact with their phone as if it had human qualities.
  当大学生被提醒一段时间，他们在一个社会环境中，他们通过夸大他们的朋友的数量来补偿-除非他们首先被赋予任务，使他们与他们的手机互动，就好像它具有人类的品质。
• According to the researchers, the participants' phones __31__ substituted for real friends.
  根据研究人员的说法，参与者的手机代替了真正的朋友。
• 
  
• At other times, we personify products in an effort to understand them.
  在其他时候，我们把产品拟人化是为了更好地理解它们。
• One study found that three in four respondents yelled at their computer.
  一项研究发现，四分之三的受访者对着电脑大喊大叫。
• Further, the more their computer gave them problems, the more likely the respondents were to report that it had its own "beliefs and __32__."
  此外，他们的电脑给他们的问题越多，受访者就越有可能报告它有自己的“信念和__32__”。
• 
  
• So how do people assign trails to an object?
  那么人们如何给一个对象分配路径呢?
• In par, we rely on looks.
  在同等条件下，我们依赖于外表。
• On humans wide faces are __33__ with dominance.
  在人类宽脸是__33__与支配。
• Similarly, people rated curs, clocks, and watches with wide faces as more dominant-looking than narrow-faced ones, and preferred them- especially in __34__ situations.
  同样地，人们认为宽脸的狗、钟表和手表比窄脸的更有主导性，并且更喜欢它们——尤其是在__34__的情况下。
• An analysis of car sales in Germany found that cars with grilles(护栅) that were upturned like smiles sold best.
  德国汽车销量的分析发现,汽车格栅(护栅)的最喜欢微笑出售。
• The purchasers saw this __35__ as increasing a car's friendliness.
  购买者看到这个__35__作为增加汽车的友好。
• 
  
• A) alleviate
  一)缓解
• B) apparently
  B)显然
• C) arrogant
  C)傲慢
• D) associated
  D)相关
• E) circumstances
  E)的情况下
• F) competitive
  F)竞争
• G) conceded
  G)承认
• H) consciousness
  H)意识
• I) desires
  我)的欲望
• J) excluded
  J)被排除在外
• K) feature
  K)特性
• L) lonely
  L)孤独
• M) separate
  米)独立
• N) spectacularly
  N)引人注目
• O) warrant
  O)保证
• 
  
• Section B
  部分B
• 
  
• Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.
  在这部分，你将阅读一篇附有十个陈述的文章。
• Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.
  每句话包含其中一段所提供的信息。
• Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.
  确定信息来自哪一段。
• You may choose a paragraph more than once.
  你可以多次选择一个段落。
• Each paragraph is marked with a letter.
  每一段都用一个字母标出。
• Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
  请在答题卡2上相应的字母上打上标记回答问题。
• 
  
• Why More Farmers Are Making The Switch to Grass-Fed Meat and Dairy
  为什么越来越多的农民转而食用草饲肉类和奶制品
• 
  
• A) Though he didn't come from a farming family, from a young age Tim Joseph was fascinated by the idea of living off the land.
  A)尽管蒂姆·约瑟夫不是来自农民家庭，但他从小就对靠土地生活的想法很感兴趣。
• Reading magazines like The Stockman Grass Farmer and Graze, he got hooked on the idea of grass-fed agriculture.
  阅读像《斯多克曼草农》和《牧场》这样的杂志，他对草饲农业的想法产生了浓厚的兴趣。
• The idea that all energy and wealth comes from the sun really intrigued him.
  所有的能量和财富都来自太阳的想法让他很感兴趣。
• He thought the shorter the distance between the sun and the end product, the higher the profit to the farmer.
  他认为太阳和最终产品之间的距离越短，农民的利润就越高。
• 
  
• B) Joseph wanted to put this theory to the test.
  B)约瑟夫想把这个理论付诸实践。
• In 2009, he and his wife Laura launched Maple Hill Creamery, an organic, all grass-fed yogurt company in northern New York.
  2009年，他和妻子劳拉(Laura)在纽约北部创办了枫山乳品公司(Maple Hill Creamery)，这是一家全草饲酸奶的有机公司。
• He quickly learned what the market has demonstrated: Demand for grass-fed products currently exceeds supply.
  他很快意识到市场已经证明:目前草饲产品供不应求。
• Grass-fed beef is enjoying a 25-30% annual growth rate.
  草饲牛肉的年增长率为25-30%。
• Sales of grass-fed yogurt and kefir(发酵乳饮品), on the other hand, have in the last year increased by over 38%.
  食草的销售酸奶和酸乳酒(发酵乳饮品),另一方面,在去年增加了38%。
• This is in comparison with a drop of just under 1% in the total yogurt and kefir market, according to natural and organic market research company SPINS.
  相比之下，根据天然和有机市场研究公司SPINS的数据，酸奶和克菲尔的市场总量下降了不到1%。
• Joseph's top priority became getting his hands on enough grass-fed milk to keep customers satisfied, since his own 64-cow herd wasn't going to suffice.
  约瑟夫的首要任务是弄到足够多的草饲牛奶，让顾客满意，因为他自己的64头奶牛群是不够的。
• C) His first partnership was with Paul and Phyllis Amburgh, owners of the Dharma Lea farm in New York.
  C)他的第一个合作伙伴是Paul和Phyllis Amburgh，他们是纽约Dharma Lea农场的主人。
• The Amburghs, too, were true believers in grass-fed.
  安伯格夫妇也是食草动物的忠实信徒。
• In addition to supplying milk from their own 85-head herd, they began to help other farmers in the area convert from conventional to certified organic and grass-fed in order to enter the Maple Hill supply chain.
  除了用他们自己的85头牛供应牛奶外，他们还开始帮助该地区的其他农民从传统奶牛转变为经过认证的有机奶牛和草饲奶牛，以便进入枫叶山的供应链。
• Since 2010, the couple has helped 125 small dairy farms convert to grass-fed, with more than 80% of those farms coming on board during the last two years.
  自2010年以来，这对夫妇已经帮助125家小型奶牛场转变为食草奶，其中超过80%的农场是在过去两年里加入的。
• 
  
• D) All this conversion has helped Maple Hill grow 40-50% every year since it began, with no end in sight.
  D)所有这些转变帮助枫叶山从开始以来每年增长40-50%，看不到尽头。
• Joseph has learned that a farmer has to have a certain mindset to successfully convert.
  约瑟夫认识到一个农民必须有某种心态才能成功地转变。
• But convincing open- minded dairy people is actually not that hard, when you look at the economics.
  但从经济角度来看，说服心胸开阔的奶场人士其实并没有那么难。
• Grass fed milk can fetch up to 2.5 times the price of conventional milk.
  草饲牛奶的价格是传统牛奶的2.5倍。
• Another factor is the squeeze that conventional dairy farmers have felt as the price of grain they feed their cows has gone up, tightening their profit margins.
  另一个因素是传统奶农感受到的压力，因为他们饲养奶牛的谷物价格上涨，收紧了他们的利润率。
• By replacing expensive grain feed with regenerative management practices, grass-fed farmers are insulated from jumps in the price of feed.
  通过用再生管理方法取代昂贵的谷物饲料，食草农民免受饲料价格上涨的影响。
• These practices include grazing animals on grasses grown from the pastureland s natural seed bank, and fertilized by the cows' own fertilizer.
  这些做法包括在牧场天然种子库生长的草上放牧，并用奶牛自己的肥料施肥。
• 
  
• E) Champions of this type of regenerative grazing also point to its animal welfare, climate and health benefits: Grass-fed animals live longer out of confinement.
  E)这种再生放牧的拥护者还指出了它的动物福利、气候和健康益处:食草动物在圈养之外活得更久。
• Grazing herds stimulate microbial(微生物的) activity in the soil, helping to capture water and separate carbon.
  放牧牛群刺激微生物(微生物的)土壤的活动,帮助捕获水和单独的碳。
• And grass-fed dairy and meat have been shown to be higher in certain nutrients and healthy fats.
  草饲的奶制品和肉类被证明含有更高的营养成分和健康脂肪。
• 
  
• F) In the grass-fed system, farmers are also not subject to the wildly fluctuating milk prices of the international commodity market.
  F)在草饲体系中，农民也不受国际商品市场牛奶价格剧烈波动的影响。
• The unpredictability of global demand and the lag-time it takes to add more cows to a herd to meet demand can result in events like the recent cheese surplus.
  全球需求的不可预测性，以及增加奶牛数量以满足需求所需要的滞后性，可能会导致像最近奶酪过剩这样的事件。
• Going gras-fed is a safe refuge, a way for family-scale farms to stay viable.
  采用草饲是一个安全的避难所，是家庭规模农场维持生存的一种方式。
• Usually a farmer will get to the point where financially, what they're doing is not working.
  通常情况下，一个农民会在经济上陷入困境，他们所做的事情是行不通的。
• That's when they call Maple Hill.
  那是他们打电话给枫山的时候。
• If the farm is well managed and has enough land, and the desire to convert is sincere, a relationship can begin.
  如果农场管理得好，有足够的土地，并且诚心诚意地想要转变，就可以开始建立一种关系。
• Through regular regional educational meetings, a large annual meeting, individual farm visits and thousands of phone calls, the Amburghs pass on the principles of pasture management.
  通过定期的地区教育会议、大型年会、个人农场参观和数以千计的电话，安伯格夫妇向人们传授牧场管理的原则。
• Maple Hill signs a contract pledging to buy the farmer's milk at a guaranteed base price, plus quality premiums and incentives for higher protein, butter-fat and other solids.
  枫山签署了一份合同，承诺以保证的基本价格购买农民的牛奶，外加质量溢价，以及对高蛋白、黄油脂肪和其他固体物质的激励。
• 
  
• G) While Maple Hill's conversion program is unusually hands-on and comprehensive, it's just one of a growing number of businesses committed to slowly changing the way America farms.
  G)虽然Maple Hill的转换项目是非常实际和全面的，但它只是越来越多致力于慢慢改变美国农场方式的企业之一。
• Joseph calls sharing his knowledge network through peer-to-peer learning a core piece of the company's culture.
  Joseph称通过点对点学习分享他的知识网络是公司文化的核心部分。
• Last summer, Massachusetts grass-fed beef advocate John Smith launched Big Picture Beef, a network of small grass-fed beef farms in New England and New York that is projected to bring to market 2,500 head of cattle from 125 producers this year.
  去年夏天，马萨诸塞州草饲牛肉倡导者约翰•史密斯(John Smith)推出了“大图片牛肉”(Big Picture beef)，这是一个由新英格兰和纽约的小型草饲牛肉农场组成的网络，预计今年将从125家养殖户引进2500头牛。
• Early indications are that Smith will have no shortage of farm members.
  早期迹象表明，史密斯不会缺少农场成员。
• Since he began to informally announce the network at farming conferences and on social media, he' s received a steady stream of inquiries from interested farmers.
  自从他开始在农业会议和社交媒体上非正式地宣布这个网络，他就收到了感兴趣的农民源源不断的询问。
• H) Smith says he'll provide services ranging from formal seminars to on-farm workshops on holistic(整体的) management, to one-on-one hand-holding and an almost 24/7 phone hotline for farmers who are converting.
  H)史密斯说他会提供服务从正式的研讨会来提高车间整体(整体的)管理、一对一的交流和一个农民把近24/7的电话热线。
• In exchange, he guarantees an above-market price for each animal and a calf-to-customer electronic ear tag ID system like that used in the European Union.
  作为交换，他保证每头牛的价格高于市场，并提供一个从小牛到顾客的电子耳标签识别系统，就像欧盟使用的那样。
• 
  
• I) Though advocates portray grass fed products as a win-win situation for all, they do have downsides.
  I)虽然倡导者把草饲产品描绘成一个双赢的局面，但它们确实有缺点。
• Price, for one, is an issue.
  价格就是一个问题。
• Joseph says his products are priced 10-20%above organic versions, but depending on the product chosen, compared to non-organic conventional yogurt, consumers could pay a premium of 30-50% or more for grass-fed.
  约瑟夫说，他的产品价格比有机酸奶高出10-20%，但根据所选产品的不同，与非有机传统酸奶相比，草饲酸奶的价格可能高出30-50%甚至更多。
• As for the meat, Smith says his grass-fed hamburger will be priced 20-25% over the conventional alternative.
  至于肉，史密斯说，他的草饲汉堡的价格将比传统替代品高出20-25%。
• But a look at the prices on online grocer Fresh Direct suggests a grass-fed premium of anywhere from 35-60%.
  但看看在线杂货商Fresh Direct的价格，就会发现草饲的溢价在35-60%之间。
• 
  
• J) And not every farmer has the option of going grass-fed.
  J)并不是每个农民都可以选择吃草。
• For both beef and dairy production, it requires, at least in the beginning, more pastureland.
  对于牛肉和奶制品生产来说，至少在开始阶段，需要更多的牧场。
• Grass-fed beef production tends to be more labor-intensive as well.
  草饲牛肉的生产往往也是劳动密集型的。
• But Smith counters that if you factor in the hidden cost of government corm subsidies, environment degradation, and decreased human health and animal welfare, grass-fed is the more cost-effective model.
  但史密斯反驳说，如果你把政府补贴玉米、环境恶化、人类健康和动物福利下降等隐性成本考虑在内，草饲是更划算的模式。
• "The sun provides the lowest cost of production and the cheapest meat," he says.
  “太阳提供了最低的生产成本和最便宜的肉，”他说。
• 
  
• K) Another grass-fed booster spurring farmers to convert is EPIC, which makes meat-based protein bars.
  K)另一种草饲助推器是EPIC，该公司生产肉类蛋白棒。
• Founders Taylor Collins and his wife, Katie Forrest, used to be endurance athletes;
  公司创始人泰勒·柯林斯(Taylor Collins)和他的妻子凯蒂·福里斯特(Katie Forrest)曾是耐力运动员;
• now they' re advocates of grass- fed meat.
  现在他们提倡吃草养的肉。
• Soon after launching EPIC's most successful product- the Bison Bacon Cranberry Bar- Collins and Forrest found they'd exhausted their sources for bison(北美野牛) raised exclusively on pasture.
  发射后不久史诗最成功的产品——野牛培根蔓越莓栏——柯林斯和福勒斯特发现他们会耗尽了他们的来源为野牛(北美野牛)提出了牧场。
• When they started researching the supply chain, they learned that only 2-3% of all bison is actually grass-fed.
  当他们开始研究供应链时，他们发现只有2-3%的野牛是食草的。
• The rest is feed- lot confined and fed grain and corm.
  其余部分在饲料场圈养，饲养谷物和球茎。
• 
  
• L) But after General Mills bought EPIC in 2016, Collins and Forrest suddenly had the resources they needed to expand their supply chain.
  L)但在通用磨坊于2016年收购EPIC之后，柯林斯和福雷斯特突然拥有了扩展供应链所需的资源。
• So the company teamed up with Wisconsin-based rancher Northstar Bison.
  因此，该公司与威斯康辛州的牧场主Northstar Bison合作。
• EPIC fronted the money for the purchase of $2.5 million worth of young bison that will be raised according to its grass- fed protocols, with a guaranteed purchase price.
  EPIC为购买价值250万美元的小野牛提供了资金，这些野牛将根据其草食协议饲养，并以保证购买价格。
• The message to young people who might not otherwise be able to afford to break into the business is, "'You car Purchase this S3 million piece of land here, because I'm guaranteeing you today you'll have 1,000 bison on it.'
  对那些没有能力进入这一行业的年轻人来说，这则消息是:“‘你买这片S3万美元的土地吧，因为我保证今天你会有1000头野牛在上面。’”
• We're bringing new blood into the old, conventional farming ecosystem, which is really cool to see," Collins explains.
  我们为传统的农业生态系统注入了新鲜血液，这真的很酷，”柯林斯解释道。
• 
  
• 36.
  36.
• Farmers going grass-fed are not affected by the ever-changing milk prices of the global market.
  草饲的奶农不会受到全球市场不断变化的牛奶价格的影响。
• 37.
  37.
• Over the years, Tim Joseph's partners have helped many dairy farmers to switch to grass-fed.
  多年来，蒂姆·约瑟夫(Tim Joseph)的合伙人已经帮助许多奶农转向草饲。
• 38.
  38.
• One advocate believes that many other benefits should be taken into consideration when we assess the cost-effectiveness of grass-fed farming.
  一位支持者认为，当我们评估草饲农业的成本效益时，还应该考虑到许多其他好处。
• 39.
  39.
• Many dairy farmers were persuaded to switch to grass-fed when they saw its advantage in terms of profits.
  当许多奶农看到草饲在利润方面的优势时，他们被说服转向草饲。
• 40.
  40.
• Tim Joseph's grass-fed program is only one example of how American farming practice is changing.
  蒂姆·约瑟夫的草饲计划只是美国农业实践改变的一个例子。
• 41.
  41.
• Tim Joseph was fascinated by the notion that sunlight brings energy and wealth to mankind.
  蒂姆·约瑟夫着迷于阳光给人类带来能源和财富的概念。
• 42.
  42.
• One problem with grass-fed products is that they are usually more expensive than conventional ones.
  草饲产品的一个问题是它们通常比传统产品更贵。
• 43.
  43.
• Grass-fed products have proved to be healthier and more nutritious.
  草饲产品已被证明更健康，更有营养。
• 44.
  44.
• When Tim Joseph started his business, he found grass-fed products fell short of demand.
  当蒂姆•约瑟夫开始创业时，他发现草饲产品供不应求。
• 45.
  45.
• A snack bar producer discovered that the supply of purely grass-fed bison meat was scarce.
  一家小吃店的生产商发现，纯草饲的野牛肉供应不足。
• 
  
• Section C
  部分C
• 
  
• Directions: There are 2 passages in this section.
  说明:这部分有两篇文章。
• Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.
  每篇文章后面都有一些问题或未完成的陈述。
• For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
  A)， B)， C)和D)四个选项。你应该选择最好的选项，并在答题纸2上对应的字母中间画一条线。
• Passage One
  通过一个
• 
  
• Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
  请根据以下短文回答46至50题。
• 
  
• Schools are not just a microcosm (缩影) of society;
  学校不仅仅是一个缩影(缩影)的社会;
• they mediate it too.
  他们也调解它。
• The best seek to alleviate the external pressures on their pupils while equipping them better to understand and handle the world outside -- at once sheltering them and broadening their horizons.
  最好的学生寻求减轻学生的外部压力，同时让他们更好地理解和处理外面的世界——同时为他们提供庇护，拓宽他们的视野。
• This is ambitious in any circumstances, and in a divided and unequal society the two ideals can clash outright(直接地).
  这是雄心勃勃的在任何情况下,在一个分裂和不平等的社会两个理想可以直接冲突(直接地)。
• 
  
• Trips that many adults would consider the adventure of a lifetime -- treks in Bomeo, a sports tour to Barbados -- appear to have become almost routine at some state schools.
  许多成年人会认为是一生中最冒险的旅行——在波米奥(boomeo)徒步旅行，即前往巴巴多斯的体育之旅——在一些公立学校似乎已经成了家常便饭。
• Parents are being asked for thousands of pounds.
  家长们被要求支付数千英镑。
• Though schools cannot profit from these trips, the companies that arrange them do.
  虽然学校不能从这些旅行中获利，但安排这些旅行的公司可以。
• Meanwhile, pupils arrive at school hungry because their families can't afford breakfast.
  与此同时，学生们饥肠辘辘地来到学校，因为他们的家庭买不起早餐。
• The Child Poverty Action Group says nine out of 30 in every classroom fall below the poverty line.
  儿童贫困行动小组表示，每30个教室中有9个处于贫困线以下。
• The discrepancy is startlingly apparent.
  这种差异是惊人的明显。
• Introducing a fundraising requirement for students does not help, as better-off children can tap up richer aunts and neighbours.
  对学生提出筹款要求并没有什么帮助，因为富裕的孩子可以找到更有钱的阿姨和邻居。
• 
  
• Probing the rock pools of a local beach or practising French on a language exchange can fire children's passions, boost their skills and open their eyes to life 's possibilities.
  在当地海滩的岩石池里探索一番，或者在语言交流中练习法语，都能激发孩子们的热情，提高他们的技能，并开阔他们的眼界，发现生活的各种可能性。
• Educational outings help bright but disadvantaged students to get better scores in A-level tests.
  教育活动帮助聪明但处于劣势的学生在A-level考试中获得更好的分数。
• In this globalised age, there is a good case for international travel, and some parents say they can manage the cost of a school trip abroad more easily than a family holiday.
  在这个全球化的时代，国际旅行是一个很好的例子，一些家长说，他们可以管理学校出国旅行的费用，比家庭度假更容易。
• Even in the face of immense and mounting financial pressures, some schools have shown remarkable determination and ingenuity in ensuring that all their pupils are able to take up opportunities that may be truly life-changing.
  尽管面临着巨大的财政压力，一些学校还是表现出了非凡的决心和聪明才智，确保所有学生能够抓住可能真正改变人生的机会。
• They should be applauded.
  应该为他们鼓掌。
• Methods such as whole-school fundraising, with the proceeds(收益) pooled, can help to extend opportunities and fuel community spirit.
  整个学校筹款等方法,所得(收益)合用,可以帮助延长机会和燃料社区精神。
• 
  
• But 3,000 pounds trips cannot be justified when the average income for families with children is just over 30,000 pounds.
  但是，当有孩子的家庭的平均收入只有3万多英镑时，3000英镑的旅行就不合理了。
• Such initiatives close doors for many pupils.
  这样的举措为许多学生关上了大门。
• Some parents pull their children out of school because of expensive field trips.
  一些家长让孩子退学是因为昂贵的实地考察旅行。
• Even parents who can see that a trip is little more than a party or celebration may well feel guilt that their child is left behind.
  即使是那些能意识到旅行只不过是一个聚会或庆祝活动的父母，也很可能会为自己的孩子被落下而感到内疚。
• 
  
• The Department for Education 's guidance says schools can charge only for board and lodging if the trip is part of the syllabus, and that students receiving government aid are exempt from these costs.
  英国教育部的指导意见说，如果旅行是教学大纲的一部分，学校只能收取食宿费用，接受政府资助的学生不需要支付这些费用。
• However, many schools seem to ignore the advice;
  然而，许多学校似乎忽视了这个建议;
• and it does not cover the kind of glamorous, exotic trips, which are becoming increasingly common.
  它也不包括那些越来越普遍的迷人的异国旅行。
• Schools cannot be expected to bring together communities single-handed.
  不能指望学校凭一己之力把社区团结起来。
• But the least we should expect is that they do not foster divisions and exclude those who are already disadvantaged.
  但我们至少应该期望，它们不会助长分裂，不会排斥那些已经处于不利地位的人。
• 
  
• 46.
  46.
• What does the author say best schools should do?
  作者认为最好的学校应该做什么?
• A) Prepare students to both challenge and change the divided unequal society.
  A)让学生做好挑战和改变分裂的不平等社会的准备。
• B) Protect students from social pressures and enable them to face the world.
  B)保护学生免受社会压力，让他们能够面对世界。
• C) Motivate students to develop their physical as well as intellectual abilities.
  C)激励学生发展他们的身体和智力。
• D) Encourage students to be ambitious and help them to achieve their goals.
  D)鼓励学生雄心勃勃，帮助他们实现目标。
• 47.
  47.
• What does the author think about school field trips?
  作者如何看待学校的实地考察旅行?
• A) They enable students from different backgrounds to mix with each other.
  A，他们使来自不同背景的学生相互融合。
• B) They widen the gap between privileged and disadvantaged students.
  B)他们扩大了特权学生和弱势学生之间的差距。
• C) They give the disadvantaged students a chance to see the world.
  C，他们给弱势学生一个看世界的机会。
• D) They only benefit students with rich relatives and neighbours.
  D，他们只对有富裕亲戚和邻居的学生有利。
• 48.
  48.
• What does the author suggest can help build community spirit?
  作者建议什么可以帮助建立社区精神?
• A) Events aiming to improve community services.
  A)旨在改善社区服务的活动。
• B) Activities that help to fuel students' ingenuity.
  B)有助于激发学生创造力的活动。
• C) Events that require mutual understanding,
  C)需要相互理解的事件;
• D) Activities involving all students on campus.
  D)涉及所有学生的校园活动。
• 49.
  49.
• What do we learn about low-income parents regarding school field trips?
  关于学校实地考察旅行，我们对低收入父母了解了什么?
• A) They want their children to participate even though they don't see much benefit.
  A，他们希望他们的孩子参加，即使他们看不到太多的好处。
• B) They don't want their kids to participate but find it hard to keep them from going.
  B，他们不想让他们的孩子参加，但发现很难阻止他们去。
• C) They don't want their kids to miss any chance to broaden their horizons despite the cost.
  C，他们不希望他们的孩子错过任何机会来开阔他们的视野，尽管要付出代价。
• D) They want their children to experience adventures but they don't want them to run risks.
  D，他们希望他们的孩子经历冒险，但他们不想让他们冒险。
• 50.
  50.
• What is the author's expectation of schools?
  作者对学校的期望是什么?
• A) Bringing a community together with ingenuity.
  A)用智慧把一个社区团结在一起。
• B) Resolving the existing discrepancies in society.
  B)解决社会上存在的差异。
• C) Avoiding creating new gaps among students.
  C)避免在学生之间产生新的差距。
• D) Giving poor students preferential treatment.
  D)给予贫困学生优惠待遇。
• 
  
• Passage Two
  通过两个
• 
  
• Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
  问题51至55是基于以下文章的。
• 
  
• Rising temperatures and overfishing in the pristine(未受污染的) waters around the Antarctic could see king penguin populations pushed to the brink of extinction by the end of the century, according to a new study.
  不断上升的气温和过度捕捞的原始(未受污染的)南极海域附近可以看到王企鹅种群推向灭绝的边缘到本世纪末,根据一项新的研究。
• The study's report states that as global warming transforms the environment in the world's last great wilderness, 70 percent of king penguins could either disappear or be forced to find new breeding grounds.
  该研究报告称，随着全球变暖改变了世界上最后一片大荒野的环境，70%的帝企鹅要么消失，要么被迫寻找新的繁殖地。
• Co-author Celine Le Bohec, from the University of Strasbourg in France, warned: "If there're no actions aimed at halting or controlling global warming, and the pace of the current human-induced changes such as climate change and overfishing stays the same, the species may soon disappear."
  来自法国斯特拉斯堡大学的Celine Le Bohec是该报告的共同作者，她警告说:“如果不采取行动阻止或控制全球变暖，而目前由人类引起的气候变化和过度捕捞等变化的速度保持不变，该物种可能很快就会消失。”
• The findings come amid growing concern over the future of the Antarctic.
  这些发现正值人们对南极的未来日益担忧之际。
• Earlier this month a separate study found that a combination of climate change and industrial fishing is threatening the krill(磷虾) population in Antarctic waters, with a potentially disastrous impact on whales, seals and penguins.
  本月早些时候的另一项研究发现,气候变化和工业捕鱼的结合正威胁着磷虾(磷虾)人口在南极海域,与潜在的灾难性的影响鲸、海豹和企鹅。
• But today's report is the starkest warming yet of the potentially devastating impact of climate change and human exploitation on the Antarctic's delicate ecosystems.
  但今天的报告是迄今为止关于气候变化和人类开发对南极脆弱生态系统潜在破坏性影响的最严重的变暖。
• 
  
• Le Bohec said: "Unless current greenhouse gas emissions drop, 70 percent of king penguins -- 1.1 million breeding pairs -- will be forced to relocate their breeding grounds, or face extinction by 2100."
  Le Bohec说:“除非目前的温室气体排放减少，70%的王企鹅(110万对繁殖企鹅)将被迫迁移它们的繁殖地，或在2100年前面临灭绝。”
• King penguins are the second-largest type of penguin and only breed on specific isolated islands in the Southern Ocean where there is no ice cover and easy access to the sea.
  国王企鹅是企鹅的第二大种类，只在南大洋的特定孤岛上繁殖，那里没有冰层，容易进入海洋。
• As the ocean warms, a body of water called the Antarctic Polar Front -- an upward movement of nutrient-rich sea that supports a huge abundance of marine life -- is being pushed further south.
  随着海洋变暖，被称为南极极地锋(Antarctic Polar Front)的水域——营养丰富的海洋向上运动，支撑着大量海洋生物——正被进一步推向南方。
• This means that king penguins, which feed on fish and kill in this body of water, have to travel further to their feeding grounds, leaving their hungry chicks for longer.
  这意味着国王企鹅，它们以鱼为食，在这片水域中捕食，必须走得更远，才能回到它们的觅食地，让它们饥饿的孩子呆得更久。
• And as the distance between their breeding, grounds and their fool prows, entire colonies could be wiped out.
  随着它们繁殖地和愚蠢的船头之间的距离，整个殖民地可能会被消灭。
• 
  
• Le Bohec said: "The plight of the king penguin should serve as a warming about the future of the entire marine environment in the Antarctic.
  Le Bohec说:“帝企鹅的困境应该成为整个南极海洋环境未来变暖的一个信号。
• Penguins, like other seabirds and marine mammals, occupy higher levels in the food chain and they are what we call bio-indicators of their ecosystems."
  企鹅和其他海鸟和海洋哺乳动物一样，在食物链中占据较高的位置，我们称之为生态系统的生物指标。”
• Penguins are sensitive indicators of changes in marine ecosystems.
  企鹅是海洋生态系统变化的敏感指标。
• As such, they are key species for understanding and predicting impacts of global change on Antarctic and sub-Antarctic marine ecosystems.
  因此，它们是理解和预测全球变化对南极和亚南极海洋生态系统影响的关键物种。
• The report found that although some king penguins may be able to relocate to new breeding grounds closer to their retreating food source, suitable new habitats would be scarce.
  报告发现，尽管一些帝企鹅可能能够迁移到新的繁殖地，靠近它们逐渐消失的食物来源，但合适的新栖息地却很稀少。
• Only a handful of islands in the Southern Ocean are suitable for sustaining large breeding colonies.
  在南大洋只有少数岛屿适合维持大规模的繁殖地。
• 
  
• 51.
  51.
• What will happen by 2100, according to a new study?
  根据一项新的研究，到2100年将会发生什么?
• A) King penguins in the Antarctic will be on the verge of dying out.
  A)南极的帝企鹅将濒临灭绝。
• B) Sea water will rise to a much higher level around the Antarctic.
  B)海水将上升到南极周围更高的水平。
• C) The melting ice cover will destroy the great Antarctic wilderness.
  C)融化的冰层将摧毁南极的荒野。
• D) The pristine waters around the Antarctic will disappear forever.
  D)南极周围的原始水域将永远消失。
• 52.
  52.
• What do we learn from the findings of a separate study?
  我们从一项独立研究的发现中学到了什么?
• A) Shrinking krill population and rising temperatures could force Antarctic whales to migrate.
  磷虾数量的减少和气温的上升可能会迫使南极鲸鱼迁移。
• B) Human activities have accelerated climate change in the Antarctic region in recent years.
  B)近年来人类活动加速了南极地区的气候变化。
• C) Industrial fishing and climate change could be fatal to certain Antarctic species.
  C)工业捕鱼和气候变化对某些南极物种可能是致命的。
• D) Krill fishing in the Antarctic has worsened the pollution of the pristine waters.
  南极磷虾的捕捞恶化了对原始水域的污染。
• 53.
  53.
• What does the passage say about king penguins?
  关于帝企鹅这篇文章说了什么?
• A) They will turn out to be the second-largest species of birds to become extinct.
  A)它们将成为第二大灭绝的鸟类。
• B) Many of them will have to migrate to isolated islands in the Southern Ocean.
  B，他们中的许多人将不得不迁移到南大洋的孤岛上。
• C) They feed primarily on only a few kinds of krill in the Antarctic Polar Front.
  C)它们主要以南极极地前沿的几种磷虾为食。
• D) The majority of them may have to find new breeding grounds in the future.
  D)它们中的大多数将来可能不得不寻找新的繁殖地。
• 54.
  54.
• What happens when sea levels rise in the Antarctic?
  当南极海平面上升时会发生什么?
• A) Many baby king penguins can't have food in time.
  A，许多小帝企鹅不能及时进食。
• B) Many king penguins could no longer live on kill.
  B，许多王企鹅不能再靠捕杀生存了。
• C) Whales will invade king penguins' breeding grounds.
  鲸鱼会入侵帝企鹅的繁殖地。
• D) Whales will have to travel long distances to find food.
  D，鲸鱼必须长途跋涉才能找到食物。
• 55.
  55.
• What do we learn about the Southern Ocean?
  关于南大洋我们了解到了什么?
• A) The king penguins there are reluctant to leave for new breeding grounds.
  A)那里的帝企鹅不愿意离开到新的繁殖地。
• B) Its conservation is key to the sustainable propagation of Antarctic species.
  B)它的保护是南极物种可持续繁殖的关键。
• C) It is most likely to become the ultimate retreat for species like the king penguin.
  C)它最有可能成为帝王企鹅这样的物种的终极撤退地。
• D) Only a few of its islands can serve as luge breeding grounds for king penguins.
  D)只有少数岛屿可以作为国王企鹅的雪橇繁殖地。

4️⃣Part IV Translation (30 minutes)
第四部分翻译(30分钟)

• 
  
• Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.
  说明:在这部分，你有30分钟的时间从中文翻译成英文。
• You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
  你应该把你的答案写在答题纸2上。
• 
  中国许多地方的湖泊和池塘都适宜荷花生长。
  Lakes and ponds in many parts of China are suitable for lotus growth.
• 荷花色彩鲜艳，夏日清晨绽放，夜晚闭合，花期长达两三个月，吸引来自各地的游客前往观赏。
  Lotus flowers are brightly colored. They bloom early in the morning and close at night in summer and last for two or three months, attracting tourists from all over the world.
• 荷花具有多种功能，既能绿化水面，又能美化庭园，还可净化水质、减少污染、改善环境。
  Lotus has a variety of functions, not only can green water, and can beautify the garden, but also purify water, reduce pollution, improve the environment.
• 荷花迎骄阳而不惧，出污泥而不染，象征纯洁、高雅，常来比喻人的高尚品德，历来是诗人画家创作的重要题材。
  Lotus faces the hot sun without fear, dirty without stains, a symbol of purity, elegance, often metaphor for people's noble moral character, has always been an important theme of poets and painters.
• 荷花盛开的地方也是许多摄影爱好者经常光顾之地。
  The place where lotus flowers bloom is also frequented by many photography enthusiasts.

★《布宫号》提醒您：民俗信仰仅供参考，请勿过度迷信！