山东这座德式火车站已有120年历史，至今保存完好，非常有艺术感(2020年山东高考英语阅读及完)
山东这座德式火车站已有120年历史，至今保存完好，非常有艺术感
山东潍坊，被誉为“世界风筝之都”，还以盛产“水果萝卜”而闻名。同时，潍坊也是一座著名的文化旅游城市，文物古迹众多，也有宜人的自然风光。也是在潍坊，还有一座非常有艺术感的火车站，它魅力，不会输给任何一个景点。在潍坊，有一处特殊的区域，这里汇集口中多德国和日本建筑，总计超过150处，尤其以德国建筑居多，是潍坊重要的历史文化遗产，被国务院公布为全国重点文物保护单位。
在这些风格迥异的建筑群中，既有火车站、医院、电报大楼，也有德国、日本官员的办公场所和住宅，它们是德、日帝国主义侵华的见证。时过境迁，这些建筑又成了潍坊著名的历史文化旅游资源，尤其是拥有一百多年历史的坊子火车站，更是充满了魅力。
1902年5月，胶济铁路由青岛修至坊子，因此地早已有“坊子煤炭”之名，故取名坊子车站。坊子站建设以前，这里本是一片树林，车站建成后，附近开始修建马路，形成了坊子街。
坊子火车站为典型的德式建筑，通体以黄色为主色调，并在窗台和入口台阶处点缀白色，给人庄重、质朴的感觉。建筑平面为T型，北面沿铁路为八间平房，分别是行李房、站长办公室等。整个建筑按德国二级标准设计施工，以实用性为第一准则，中间为两个连脊坡屋面，两侧为平屋面；各单元以突出墙面的壁柱相连接，自然有序。
坊子火车站布局严谨，结构清晰，站舍造型明快大方，厚重的外墙与横向展开的屋面檐口有机结合，既透出质朴感，又非常有建筑的气韵。屋面采用了暗红色的瓦，呈坡面起伏，给人西高低错落的质感，体型简洁而多变，形成较为丰富的空间层次。在门窗上设置连续的线脚装饰，蕴涵着强烈的节奏与流动的韵律。
坊子站反映了十九世纪末期，德国以工业建筑为肇端，由古典主义建筑开始走向现代建筑的许多细节与特征，不失为具有珍贵历史价值的艺术建筑。历史上的坊子站，曾是胶济铁路客、货运输专线，曾经十分繁忙。但早在1984年，坊子站就停办了客运业务。如今的坊子站，成了潍坊著名的历史文化建筑，依旧散发着无可抵挡的魅力。
（图片源自网络，感谢分享！如有侵权，删图致歉！）
2020年山东高考英语阅读及完
A
POETRY CHALLENGE
Write a poem about how courage, determination, and strength have helped you face challenges in your life.
Prizes
3 Grand Prizes: Trip to Washington, D.C. for each of three winners, a parent and one other person of the winner’s choice. Trip includes round-trip air tickets, hotel stay for two nights, and tours of the National Air and Space Museum and the office of National Geographic World.
6 First Prizes: The book Sky Pioneer: A Photobiography of Amelia Earhart signed by author Corinne Szabo and pilot Linda Finch.
50 Honorable Mentions: Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners, who will each receive a T-shirt in memory of Earhart's final flight.
Rules
Follow all rules carefully to prevent disqualification.
■ Write a poem using 100 words or fewer. Your poem can be any format, any number of
lines.
■ Write by hand or type on a single sheet of paper. You may use both the front and back of the paper.
■ On the same sheet of paper, write or type your name, address, telephone number, and birth date.
■ Mail your entry to us by October 31 this year.
A
诗歌挑战赛
请写一首诗，主题是关于勇气、决心和力量是如何帮你直面生活中的挑战。
奖项
3个特等奖:去华盛顿特区旅行，三位获奖者，每位都可以有一位父母以及获奖者选择的另一个人陪同。旅行包括往返机票、两个晚上的酒店住宿，以及参观国家航空航天博物馆和国家地理杂志总部。
6个一等奖：
6 First Prizes: 有作者科琳·萨博和飞行员琳达·芬奇签名的阿梅莉亚·埃尔哈特的传记画册《天空先锋》。
50个荣誉提名奖：评委们会选出50名荣誉奖获得者，每位会收到一件纪念埃尔哈特最后一次飞行的体恤衫。
规则
请认真遵守以下规则，否则将被取消比赛资格：
■写一首诗，字数是100字或100字以内。诗的格式和行数不限。
■手写或打印在一张纸上。纸的正反面可以都使用。
■在同一张纸上书写或打印你的姓名、地址、电话号码和出生日期。
■ 在今年10月31日之前将你的参赛作品邮寄给我们。
1. How many people can each grand prize winner take on the free trip?
A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Six.
2. What will each of the honorable mention winners get?
A. A plane ticket. B. A book by Corinne Szabo.
C. A special T-shirt. D. A photo of Amelia Earhart.
3. Which of the following will result in disqualification?
A. Typing your poem out. B. Writing a poem of 120 words.
C. Using both sides of the paper. D. Mailing your entry on October 30.
B
Jennifer Mauer has needed more willpower than the typical college student to pursue her goal of earning a nursing degree. That willpower bore fruit when Jennifer graduated from University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire and became the first in her large family to earn a bachelor’s degree.
Mauer, of Edgar, Wisconsin, grew up on a farm in a family of 10 children. Her dad worked at a job away from the farm, and her mother ran the farm with the kids. After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college, working to pay her tuition (学费), because there was no extra money set aside for a college education. After graduation, she worked to help her sisters and brothers pay for their schooling.
Jennifer now is married and has three children of her own. She decided to go back to college to advance her career and to be able to better support her family while doing something she loves: nursing. She chose the UW-Eau Claire program at Ministry Saint Joseph^ Hospital in Marshfield because she was able to pursue her four-year degree close to home. She could drive to class and be home in the evening to help with her kids. Jennifer received great support from her family as she worked to earn her degree: Her husband worked two jobs to cover the bills, and her 68-year-old mother helped take care of the children at times.
Through it all, she remained in good academic standing and graduated with honors. Jennifer sacrificed (牺牲）to achieve her goal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing important events to study. “Some nights my heart was breaking to have to pick between my kids and studying for exams or papers," she says. However, her children have learned an important lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree. Jennifer is a first-generation graduate and an inspiration to her family - and that’s pretty powerful.
詹尼弗·莫尔需要比普通大学生有更多的毅力才能追求她获取护理学位的目标。当詹妮弗从威斯康辛大学欧克莱尔分校毕业并成为她那大家庭里第一个获得学士学位的人时，她那（超常的）毅力取得了成果。
威斯康辛州埃德加市的莫尔是在农场长大的，她的家里有10个孩子。她爸爸在远离农场的地方上班，她妈妈经营这家农场，和孩子们呆在一起。中学毕业后，詹妮弗上了当地的一所技术学院，自己打工付学费，因为家里没有额外的钱担负她的高校教育。毕业后，她去工作帮弟妹们交学费。
詹妮弗现在结婚了，也有了自己的三个孩子。为了促进自己的职业发展，也为了能做自己热爱的护理工作的同时还能更好地养活家人，她决定重返大学校园。她选择了在马什菲尔德的圣约瑟夫医院进行的威斯康辛大学欧克莱尔分校项目，因为她能够在离家近的地方完成她的四年学位。她可以开车去上课，然后晚上回家帮忙照顾孩子。詹妮弗在追求学位的过程中获得了家人的大力支持。她老公做了两份工作来支付开支，她那68岁的老母亲不时来帮忙照看孩子们。
一路走来，她的学术成绩一直很好，并以优异的成绩毕业。詹妮弗作出牺牲去实现她的目标，为了学习，她放弃了许多陪伴孩子的夜晚，也错过了许多重要的活动。“有时晚上，为了考试或论文，必须要在我的孩子和学业之间作出选择，我心碎纠结”，她说。然而，她的孩子们在见证了她们的母亲获得学位时却学到了重要的一课。詹妮弗是家庭第一代毕业生，对她的家人是一种鼓舞，那是非常巨大的鼓舞。
4. What did Jennifer do after high school?
A. She helped her dad with his work.
B. She ran the family farm on her own.
C. She supported herself through college.
D. She taught her sisters and brothers at home.
5. Why did Jennifer choose the program at Ministry Saint Joseph's Hospital in Marshfield?
A. To take care of her kids easily. B. To learn from the best nurses.
C. To save money for her parents. D. To find a well-paid job there.
6. What did Jennifer sacrifice to achieve her goal?
A. Her health. B. Her time with family.
C. Her reputation. D. Her chance of promotion.
7. What can we learn from Jennifer’s story?
A. Time is money. B. Love breaks down barriers.
C. Hard work pays off. D. Education is the key to success.
C
In the mid-1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months, physically broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.
His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea. It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land, and of the people he meets on his way: Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24-year-old who picked up his colorful English in California, Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers.
This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan, made of friendliness and warmth, but also its darker side of society. In Samarkand, Mr. Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when suspected of drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a mountain funeral (葬礼) followed by a strange drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms, diseases and fishing boats stuck miles from the sea.
Mr. Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well-rounded picture of Uzbekistan, seen from Western eyes. His judgment and references are decidedly American, as well as his delicate stomach. As the author explains, this is neither a travel nor a history book, or even a piece of reportage. Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions.
20世纪90年代中期，汤姆·比塞尔在乌兹别克斯坦做志愿者教英语。七个月后，由于身体骨折，精神错乱，他离开了乌兹别克斯坦。几年以后，他还是被这个国家所吸引，再次来到乌兹别克斯坦去写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章。
然而，他的到来牵涉的事情可远不止写了那篇文章。因此，还有这本书《逐海：迷失在中亚的幽灵帝国》，这本书讲述的是从塔什干到卡拉卡尔帕克斯坦的公路旅行，在这里，缓慢干涸的咸海摧毁了无数的生命。它描述了旅行到陌生土地的一位美国人以及他在路上遇到的人们的故事。那些人包括：二十四岁的罗斯坦姆，是他的翻译，他是一个可爱的人儿，他那丰富多彩的英语是在加利福尼亚学会的，还有奥列格和娜塔莎，以及他在塔什干的东道主们，还有一批外国救援人员。
这是一次对乌兹别克斯坦生活的速览，那是由友谊和温暖构成，却也有社会的阴暗面。在撒马尔罕，比塞尔先生欣赏那些建筑奇观，而在他去布哈拉的路上，由于被怀疑进行毒品交易，他亲身感受了警察办案的方式。在费尔干纳，他参加了一次山区葬礼，葬礼之后是奇怪的酒会。在卡拉卡尔帕克斯坦，沙尘暴、疾病还有困在离海边几英里处的渔船都让他黯然神伤。
比塞尔先生巧妙结合了历史洞察和文化援引，使他对乌兹别克斯坦的描述从西方人的角度看充满立体的画面感。和他那娇弱的胃一样，他的评断和援引明显都是美国式的。正如作者所解释的，这既不是游记也不是史书，甚至连一篇报告文学也不算。不管它是什么，其结果就是最纯粹的中亚传统的精致生动的描述。
8. What made Mr. Bissell return to Uzbekistan?
A. His friends’ invitation. B. His interest in the country.
C. His love for teaching. D. His desire to regain health.
9. What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A. Developing a serious mental disease.
B. Taking a guided tour in Central Asia.
C. Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.
D. Writing an article about the Aral Sea.
10. Which of the following best describes Mr. Bissell’s road trip in Uzbekistan?
A. Romantic. B. Eventful. C. Pleasant. D. Dangerous.
11. What is the purpose of this text?
A. To introduce a book. B. To explain a cultural phenomenon.
C. To remember a writer. D. To recommend a travel destination.
D
According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions (份), it’s the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.
To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments. In the first, 95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly (表面上) participate in a study about movie viewership. Before the film began, each woman was asked to help herself to a snack. An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first. In her natural state, the actor weighed 105 pounds. But in half the cases she wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds.
Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food. The participants followed suit, taking more food than they normally would have. However, they took, significantly more when the actor was thin.
For the second test, in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls. In the other case, she took 30 pieces. The results were similar to the first test: the participants followed suit but took significantly more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces.
The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we’re making decisions. If this fellow participant is going to eat more, so will I. Call it the “I’ll have what she is having” effect. However, we’ll adjust the influence. If an overweight person is having a large portion, I’ll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, I’ll follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can't I?
根据《消费者研究杂志》里的最新研究，我们共餐伙伴的体型大小和消费习惯能影响我们的进食量。已有的研究是说你应该避免和那些点大份食物的胖子一起用餐，和已有研究结果相反，其实你需要避免一起用餐的人是那些胃口很大的瘦高个。
为了测试社会影响对于饮食习惯的作用，研究人员进行了两次实验。第一次试验是分别单独邀请了95位女大学生进入实验室假装参加一项有关电影收视率的研究。在电影播放之前，要求每位女大学生自己去吃快餐。研究人员雇佣的一名演员率先取走自己的食物。在自然状态下，这名演员的体重是105磅。但在一半情况下，她穿上特制的能将体重增加到180磅的肥大衣服。
这名演员在胖瘦两种版本下都食用了大量食物。参与者们也跟着效仿，吃得比他们平时饭量要多。然而，在演员瘦的情况下，他们吃的食物明显更多。
在第二次实验时，有一次，这个瘦演员从糖果碗里拿出两块糖。另一次，她拿了三十块糖。实验结果和第一次相似：参与者们跟着效仿，但很明显是在瘦演员拿了三十块糖时参与者们也吃了更多的糖。
实验显示，在我们做决定时，社会环境的影响是极大的。如果这个参与伙伴吃得更多，我也要吃得更多。称之为“她吃多少我也吃多少”效应。然而，我们需要对此影响作出调整。如果超重的人在吃大份的食物，我就要抑制一些，因为我看到了他的饮食习惯带来的后果。但如果一个瘦人吃了很多，我就会效仿他。如果他可以吃很多还能保持身材，我为什么不能呢？
12. What is the recent study mainly about?
A. Food safety. B. Movie viewership.
C. Consumer demand. D. Eating behavior.
13. What does the underlined word “beanpoles” in paragraph 1 refer to?
A. Big eaters. B. Overweight persons.
C. Picky eaters. D. Tall thin persons.
14. Why did the researchers hire the actor?
A. To see how she would affect the participants.
B. To test if the participants could recognize her.
C. To find out what she would do in the two tests.
D. To study why she could keep her weight down.
15. On what basis do we “adjust the influence” according to the last paragraph?
A. How hungry we are. B. How slim we want to be.
C. How we perceive others. D. How we feel about the food.
第二节：
Some individuals are born with a gift for public speaking. 16 Do you want to be a good public speaker? Here are some principles you must master.
People want to listen to someone who is interesting, relaxed and comfortable. Too often, when you stand up to give a speech, you focus on the “public” at the expense of the “speaking.” 17 Focus on the speaking. Talk directly to your audience, be yourself and make a connection.
Even the most successful public speaker will make mistakes. Yet, the only one who cares about any mistake is the one who is speaking. People's attention wanders constantly. In fact, most people only absorb about 20 percent of a speaker’s message. So, don’t stop speaking when you make a mistake unless it's a truly serious one. 18
Your goal is not to be a perfect public speaker. 19 And like everything else in life, that takes practice. Remember, even world champion athletes practice their skills on a consistent basis.
20 It’s rare to hear someone say, “1 wish that speaker had spoken longer.” On the other hand, you probably can’t count the times that you’ve thought, ”I’m glad that talk is over. It seemed to go on forever!'' So surprise your audience. Always make your presentation just a bit shorter than anticipated. It’s better to leave your listeners wishing for more than shifting restlessly in their seats waiting for your speech finally to end.
A. Do the opposite.
B. You want to be an effective public speaker.
C. You don't need to apologize for a minor slip.
D. When it comes to public speaking, less is usually more.
E. The objective of most speeches is to benefit the audience.
F. Take the fear out of public speaking by focusing on your listeners.
G. However, the majority of people are effective speakers because they train to be.
G A C B D
有些人生来就具有在公众场合演讲的才能。然而，大部分人是因为经过培训才能成为效果显著的演讲者。你想成为优秀的公众演讲者吗？这里有一些你必须要掌握的原则：
人们想听的演讲者是生动有趣，无拘无束，令人舒适的人。通常，当你站起来演讲时，你把重点放在“大众”上，而付出的代价却是“演讲”。反过来做吧！把重点放在演讲上。直接对你的听众讲话，做你自己，并让自己和听众相连。
即使最成功的公众演说家也会犯错误。然而，唯一会在乎有没有错误的人正是演讲者。人们的注意力经常会分散。实际上，大部分人只能专注地去听演讲者演讲内容的百分之二十。因此，让你出现差错时不要停下来，除非那是一个很严重的错误。你无需为一个很小的错误去道歉。
你的目标不是要成为一个完美的公众演说者。你想成为一个效果显著的公众演说者。正如生活中的任何其他事情一样，那是需要练习的。记住，即使世界冠军运动员也需要始终坚持练习他们的技能。
说到公众演讲，少即是多。很少会听到有人说，“我希望演讲者讲得时间再长些。”另一方面，你很可能不知道有多少次都在想，“我真高兴演讲结束了。看起来没完没了的！”因此，给你的听众惊喜吧。让你的演讲总是比预期的时间要短一些。让你的听众意犹未尽总比让他们在椅子上焦躁不安地挪动等着你的演讲最终结束要好。
Molai grew up in a tiny village in India. The village lay near some wetlands which became his second 21 . He learned the value and beauty of 22 there from a very young age.
When he was 16, Molai began to notice something 23 happening around his home. A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the 24 it caused had driven away a number of birds. 25 , the number of snakes had declined as well. He 26 that it was because there weren’t enough trees to protect them from the 27 . The solution, of course, was to plant trees so the animals could seek 28 during the daytime. He turned to the 29 department for help but was told that nothing would grow there. However, Molai went looking on his own and 30 a nearby island where he began to plant trees.
31 young plants in the dry season was 32 for a lone boy. Molai built at the 33 of each sapling (幼树）a bamboo platform, where he placed earthen pots with small holes to 34 rainwater. The water would then drip (滴落）on the plants below.
Molai 35 to plant trees for the next 37 years. His efforts have resulted in 1,360 acres of naturally-grown land that has become home to many plants and animals.
21. A. dream B. job C. home D. choice
22. A. nature B. youth C. culture D. knowledge
23. A. precious B. interesting C. disturbing D. awkward
24. A. waste B. tension C. pain D. damage
25. A. Besides B. However C. Therefore D. Otherwise
26. A. agreed B. realized C. remembered D. predicted
27. A. noise B. heat C. disease D. dust
28. A. directions B. partners C. help D. shelter
29. A. labor B. police C. forest D. finance
30. A. rebuilt B. discovered C. left D. managed
31. A. Decorating B. Observing C. Watering D. Guarding
32. A. tough B. illegal C. fantastic D. beneficial
33. A. back B. top C. foot D. side
34. A. cool down B. keep off C. purify D. collect
35. A. returned B. learned C. failed D. continued
莫莱是在印度一个非常小的村庄长大的。这个村附近有一些湿地，这些湿地成为他的第二故乡。从他很小的时候起，他就在那里懂得了大自然的价值和美好。
当他16岁时，莫莱开始注意到令人烦扰的事情正在他家乡附近悄然发生。那年早些时候，一场洪水曾袭击了该地区，洪水带来的破坏驱散了很多鸟儿。而且，蛇类的数目也在减少。他意识到正是由于没有足够的树木来保护它们抵御炎热。无疑，方案就是去种树了，这样动物们在白天能够寻求庇护。他去森林部门寻求帮助，但被告知没有植物能在那里生长。然而，莫莱自己动身去寻找，并发现了一个附近的岛屿，在那里，他开始种植树木。
在旱季给幼苗浇水对于孤身一人的少年来说太艰难了。莫莱在每棵幼苗的顶部搭建了一个竹台，上面放上带小孔的瓦罐，用来收集雨水。这些水就会滴落到下面的植物上。
在接下来的37年里，莫莱一直不断地种树。他努力的结果是1360英亩自然生长的土地已经成为许多动植物的家乡。
Many people have the hobby of collecting things, e.g. stamps, postcards or antiques. In the 18th and 19th centuries, 36 (wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art. They kept their collection at home until it got too big 37 until they died, and then it was given to a museum. The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, 38 (form) the core collection of the British Museum 39 opened in 1759.
The parts of a museum open to the public 40 (call) galleries or rooms. Often, only a small part of a museum’s collection 41 (be) on display. Most of it is stored away or used for research.
Many museums are lively places and they attract a lot of visitors. As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟）and imagine 42 (they) living at a different time in history or 43 (walk) through a rainforest. At the Jorvik Centre in York, the city's Viking settlement is recreated, and people experience the sights, sounds and smells of the old town. Historical 44 (accurate) is important but so is entertainment. Museums must compete 45 people’s spare time and money with other amusements. Most museums also welcome school groups and arrange special activities for children.
许多人都有收集东西的爱好，比如，邮票、明信片或古董。在十八世纪和十九世纪，富人们外出旅游并收集植物、文物和艺术品。他们把藏品保存在家里，直到藏品太多放不下了或他们去世为止，于是，藏品就被送到博物馆。例如，汉斯·斯隆先生所收藏的八万件藏品就构成了1759年对外开放的大英博物馆的核心馆藏。
博物馆对公众开放的部分叫陈列室或展室。通常，博物馆里只有一小部分的藏品公开展出。大部分藏品是被收起来或用于研究。
许多博物馆都是热闹的地方，它们吸引了大量的游客。除了观看展品外，游客还可以通过电脑模拟的方式玩耍，想象他们自己正生活在历史的不同时期或正在穿过一片雨林。在纽约的约维克中心，这个城市的维京殖民地被重新建造，通过人们的所见、所听和所闻的体验来还原这座古镇。历史准确性固然重要，但娱乐也是很重要的。博物馆必须同其他娱乐方式竞争，争夺人们的闲暇和余钱。大部分博物馆也欢迎学校团体，并为孩子们安排特殊的活动。
★《布宫号》提醒您：民俗信仰仅供参考，请勿过度迷信！